What are the commonly used materials for automobiles?

What are the commonly used materials for automobiles?

Cars come in many parts, no matter what parts are made up of related materials, to introduce the materials commonly used in cars.

The main material of modern cars is steel. Due to the current fuel consumption, emission and safety requirements are becoming more and more strict, the proportion of high-strength steel is increasing. At the same time,  lightweight vehicles is rising, steel is being replaced by more and more aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and polymer-based composites, but the use of steel is still the largest proportion in automobiles. Take a look at the proportion of materials used in mainstream cars，many engines are all-aluminum engines, and all cast irons are used less and less on engines, mainly for lightweighting. Also look at the mechanical properties of each material, the mechanical properties of steel is better than other materials.

The main advantages of steel application in automobiles:
(1) Benefit from the mass production of steel, the cost of steel is lower than that of aluminum alloy, and the mechanical properties are excellent;
(2) Different processing methods can obtain a large range of strength and plasticity;
(3) Steel has strong forming properties and is very suitable for stamping with the car body.

The main advantages of aluminum alloy application in the car:

(1) low density, the same volume, the weight is lighter than steel, very conducive to lightweight.
(2) The aluminum alloy per unit weight has better deformation and energy absorption, and the deformation is large, and the natural energy absorption is large.
(3) Good thermal conductivity, which could be used for radiators or heat exchangers. Nowadays, the engine block, the gearbox housing, the aluminum alloy wheel hub and other parts are all made of aluminum alloy. Magnesium alloys are not currently used in vehicles, but magnesium alloys are currently the lightest structural metals, have better strength-density ratio than aluminum alloys, have excellent collision energy absorption performance, and have increased opportunities for future use. 

Due to the increase in the use of high-strength steel, aluminum alloy and other materials, the use of cast iron materials has gradually decreased, and the main disadvantages are weight and poor shaping. The main advantages of cast iron are low cost, good wear resistance and good vibration absorption performance.

It is also used in engine blocks, brake discs, etc. Polymer composites are mainly used in the car body and various internal parts, such as instrument panels, seats, door panels, fenders, bumpers and other parts.

Glass materials are mainly used in window glass of automobiles and in large-screen glass. 
The above is an introduction to the materials commonly used in automobiles.

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